Ackman Gone, But J.C. Penney's Problems Remain

The boardroom drama may be over, but J.C. Penney is still grappling with an uncertain future.

William Ackman has resigned from J.C. Penney's board as part of a deal to resolve an unusually public battle between the activist investor and the struggling department store operator.

Ackman's departure provides some short-term relief from a distraction for Penney while it tries to fix its ailing business and as the crucial back-to-school selling season heats up.

But investors pushed the company's stock price lower Tuesday as they worry about Penney's long-term struggle to turn its business around.

The share decline also reflected worries that Ackman might sell shares. Ackman's Pershing Square Capital Management is Penney's biggest stockholder with a 17.7 percent stake. CNBC quoted Ackman as saying he had no immediate plans to sell.

"(Penney) got the thorn out of their inside, but they're both real losers here," said Charles Elson, head of the Weinberg Center for Corporate Governance at the University of Delaware. It's bad news for Penney because if Ackman sells his stock, it will hurt the stock price. If he doesn't, he will still exert a big influence on the company, albeit from the outside.

As for Ackman, the activist investor no longer has an inside view into the company. And if he sells near current prices, he will lose a lot of money.

Ackman went public last week with statements saying he'd lost confidence in Penney's board and that Chairman Thomas Engibous should be replaced. Ackman and the retailer's board also were bickering over how quickly the company should replace CEO Mike Ullman.

On Tuesday, Penney named Ronald Tysoe as a director to fill Ackman's seat. Tysoe is former vice chairman of Federated Department Stores Inc., which is now Macy's Inc. Penney will name an additional new director in the near future.

Ackman said in a statement that the moves were "the most constructive way forward" for the Plano company and all parties involved.

The departure doesn't do much to reverse Penney's declining business, which is trying to lure back shoppers turned off by a reinvention plan formulated by a former CEO backed by Ackman.

"This was just a sideshow," said Brian Sozzi, chief equities strategist for Belus Capital Advisors. "The fundamental issues of the company are nowhere near fixed."

Penney's board also reiterated its support for CEO Ullman, who returned to that job in April. Ullman had previously served as Penney CEO from 2004 to 2011.

The resolution caps several days of boardroom drama where Ackman went public with two scathing letters to the board. In them, he noted that the board has "ceased to function effectively." He also questioned the board's hiring and firing practices and "aggressive" inventory purchases.

Engibous fired back, saying that Ackman's comments were "misleading, inaccurate and counterproductive."

Ackman also suggested last week that Allen Questrom, who was Penney CEO from 2000 to 2004, should replace Engibous. CNBC quoted Questrom on Tuesday as saying that Ackman did what was best for the board when he resigned.

The boardroom brawl even had Howard Schultz, Starbucks founder and CEO, weigh in. He sided with Ullman and told The Associated Press last week that he was "disgusted" by Ackman's actions. Schultz is not a Penney shareholder, but Ullman sits on Starbucks' board.

Ullman had replaced Ron Johnson, who was ousted as CEO after 17 months because his radical makeover led to massive losses and sales declines.

Ackman joined Penney's board in February 2011 and was the one who pushed the board to hire Johnson, a mastermind of Apple Inc.'s successful stores. The hope was Johnson could inject new energy into a tired company.

Ackman was seen beaming in January 2012 as Johnson presented his reinvention plan to an audience of analysts, investors and big-name designers including Ralph Lauren and Calvin Klein. The plan called for the elimination of most discounts in favor of "every day" lower prices. Johnson also wanted to carve Penney into mini-shops devoted to brands or types of merchandise.

The new pricing plan started Feb. 1, 2012, and was an instant disaster. Sales plummeted, and so did investor confidence.

Penney amassed nearly a billion dollars in losses and its revenue dropped 25 percent for the fiscal year that ended Feb. 2 in the first year of the failed transformation strategy. Ackman remained Johnson's supporter until weeks before he was fired.

Since coming back to Penney in April, Ullman has worked to stabilize the business by bringing back basic merchandise and more frequent sales eliminated by Johnson in a bid to attract younger, hipper customers. Many analysts believe traffic is improving but have seen no evidence of a turnaround yet.

There are also increasing concerns about Penney's liquidity. Earlier this month the retailer said it expects to finish the second quarter with about $1.5 billion in cash on its balance sheet. That was less than some analysts expected.

Penney is scheduled to release its second-quarter financial results Aug. 20. Analysts expect a 7.9 percent decline in revenue at stores open at least a year, according to FactSet.

These figures are a key indicator of a retailer's health because they exclude revenue at newly opened stores.

Michael Cipriani of Rosenthal & Rosenthal, a lender in the clothing industry, said that last week it put Penney's suppliers on a short leash, financially backing orders for Penney for just two to three weeks out. The move was intended to limit its exposure until it can see how Penney succeeds with its turnaround efforts.

Rosenthal & Rosenthal is what is known as a "factor," a business that makes cash advances to suppliers based on the goods they sell to the merchant. The decision was made based on financial information and the boardroom warfare taking place, Cipriani said.

The lender only represents 1 percent of Penney's suppliers, but it move underscores how uneasy vendors have become.

If vendors and factors become wary of a store's creditworthiness, the retailer may have to pay suppliers cash upfront for goods, which can drain cash quickly.

Walter Loeb, a New York-based retail consultant, however, says that what's important is that Penney still has support from the major suppliers.

Loeb said the addition of Tysoe to the board will "strengthen the financial stability." He noted that in the late 1990s, Tysoe helped Federated Department Stores come of bankruptcy and avoid a takeover by real estate magnate Robert Campeau.

Penney's stock was down nearly 4 percent, or 49 cents, to $12.68 Tuesday. The share price has fallen nearly 38 percent since the beginning of the year and almost 70 percent since early last year when Johnson unveiled his transformation plan.